History
The mosque was built by Saqsiz Mirza, the elder of two sons of Amir Sayyid Ali, in 1442 (although it incorporated older structures dating back to 996)[citation needed] to commemorate his ancestors.[1] The mosque covers an area of around 16,000 square meters.[2]
The mosque's modern golden-brick structure was built in 1798, replacing the older building, and was further expanded in 1838 to its current size.[3]
On 9 August 1933, Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhancang killed and beheaded the Uyghur leader Timur Beg, displaying his head on a spike at Id Kah mosque.[4][5][6][7]
In March 1934, it was reported that the Uyghur emir Abdullah Bughra was also beheaded, the head being displayed at Id Kah mosque.[8][9]
In April 1934, the Chinese Muslim general Ma Zhongying gave a speech at Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar, telling the Uyghurs to be loyal to the Republic of China Kuomintang government of Nanjing.[10][11][12]
The mosque received a renovation in 1981,[13] and the mosque's façade was covered with tiles between 2004 and 2005.[14]
On 30 July 2014, the imam of the mosque at the time, Jume Tahir, was stabbed to death by extremists shortly after attending morning prayers.[15][16] His unknown successor was jailed for 15 years by the Chinese authorities in 2017, having been accused of spreading extremism.[17][18]
The current imam of the mosque is Memet Jume.[19] In a 2022 interview with Xinhua, a Chinese state broadcaster, he indicated that the mosque had received funds from the government of China from late 2021 to early 2022 to repair the mosque's compound, including its gatehouse and fences.[20]
Decline in attendance
In 2009, Id Kah was the largest mosque in Xinjiang and in China.[21][22] Every Friday, it housed nearly 10,000 worshippers and could accommodate up to 20,000.[23][24] On other days of the week, around 2,000 Muslims came to the mosque to pray.[21]
In 2011, between 4,000 and 5,000 people attended Friday prayers in the mosque.[25] However, the current mosque's imam, Memet Jume, said in a 2021 interview with the Associated Press that the number of worshippers attending Friday prayers at the mosque dropped to between 800 and 900 in 2021;[25] he attributed the drop to "a natural shift in values", rather than Chinese government policies.[25] Nevertheless, in a 2022 interview with Xinhua, Memet Jume said that more than 2,000 people visited the mosque during the peak season in 2021.[20]
^ 旅游词典 (1992). 旅游辭典 (in Chinese). 陕西旅游出版社.
^ Qi, Xiaoshan (October 1994). Ancient art in Xinjiang, China. 新疆美術攝影出版社.
^ Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2015). China's Early Mosques. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-7486-7041-3.
^ S. Frederick Starr (2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland. M.E. Sharpe. p. 77. ISBN 0-7656-1318-2. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 93. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ The British newspaper The Times reported that a turki chief was beheaded on August 25, 1933
^ Christian Tyler (2004). Wild West China: the taming of Xinjiang. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-8135-3533-6. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 123. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ S. Frederick Starr (2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland. M.E. Sharpe. p. 79. ISBN 0-7656-1318-2. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 124. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ China. Apa Publications. 1997. ISBN 978-0-395-66287-8.
^ Robert Neville (28 June 2009). "Pourquoi la Chine casse-t-elle Kachgar?". LExpress.fr (in French). L'Express. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
^ "Imam of China's largest mosque killed in Xinjiang". BBC News. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
^ Areddy, James T. (31 July 2014). "State-Appointed Muslim Leader Killed in China". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
^ NEWS, KYODO (23 May 2021). "Ex-Muslim leader at China's biggest mosque in Xinjiang incarcerated". Kyodo News+. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
^ "Former Muslim leader at China's biggest mosque in Xinjiang incarcerated". The Japan Times. 24 May 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
^ Moritsugu, Ken; Kang, Dake (6 May 2021). "Will there be any Muslims left among the Chinese Uyghurs?". Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
^ a b huaxia (2 March 2022). "Wondrous Xinjiang: Freedom of religious belief fully protected in Xinjiang: imam-Xinhua". english.news.cn. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
^ a b "All Quiet on the Western Front -- Beijing Review". www.bjreview.com. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
^ China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1985.
^ Peter Neville-Hadley. Frommer's China. Frommer's, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7645-6755-1. Page 302.
^ "Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar of Xinjiang: History & Opening Hours". www.topchinatravel.com. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
^ a b c Ken Moritsugu; Dake Kang (6 May 2021). "Ramadan in China: Faithful dwindle under limits on religion | Taiwan News | 2021-05-06 12:20:36". Taiwan News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
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