The Temple of Hibis is the largest and best preserved ancient Egyptian temple in the Kharga Oasis, as well as the only structure in Egypt dating to the Saite-Persian period (664–404 BCE) which has come down to modern times in relatively good condition. Located about 2 km north of Kharga, it was devoted to a syncretism of two local forms of the deity Amun: "Amun of Hibis" and "Amun-Ra of Karnak who dwells in Hibis".

It is alternatively believed to be dedicated to Amun and Osiris, its sanctuary contains depictions of hundreds of Egyptian deities.

 Palmiform columns at the Temple of Hibis hbhbt
niwt hb(t)
"The City of the Plough"[1][2]
in hieroglyphs Era: Late Period
(664–332 BC)

The temple of Hibis was once surrounded by the city of Hibis (Egyptian: Hebet, meaning "the plough"[3]), which nowadays lies under the crops.[4] Construction of the temple started during the 26th Dynasty, most likely under Pharaoh Psamtik II,[4] or possibly even earlier, during the 25th Dynasty.[3] Archaeological evidences suggest that an older temple, dating back to the New Kingdom, was already present in the same place.[4] Several decades after Psamtik II, during the 27th Dynasty, the Achaemenid pharaoh Darius I took a particularly active part in its building, being credited with the decoration of the walls.[3][5] Later, several other rulers made additions or decorations here, such as Hakor of the 29th Dynasty, notably Nectanebo I and Nectanebo II of the 30th Dynasty, possibly Ptolemy IV (Ptolemaic Dynasty), and at least one Roman emperor.[4]

A first excavation campaign, organized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, took place in 1909–11. A more recent one, led by Eugene Cruz-Uribe, began in 1985.[4]

^ Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920). An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol. 2. John Murray. p. 1012b. ^ Gauthier, Henri (1927). Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques. Vol. 4. p. 4. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference w236 was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference cu488 was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ Zivie-Coche, Christiane (2008). "Late Period Temples". In Wendrick, Willeke (ed.). UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Los Angeles: UCLA. pp. 7–8.
Photographies by:
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Roland Unger - CC BY-SA 3.0
kairoinfo4u (Hanne Siegmeier) - CC BY-SA 2.0
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