Việt Nam

Vjetnama

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Context of Vjetnama

Vjetnama (vjetnamiešu: Việt Nam), oficiālais valsts nosaukums Vjetnamas Sociālistiskā Republika (Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), ir valsts Indoķīnas pussalā. Ziemeļos robežojas ar Ķīnu, ziemeļrietumos ar Laosu, dienvidrietumos ar Kambodžu un austrumos ar Dienvidķīnas jūru. Vjetnamas kopējā platība ir 331 690 km², pēc 2017. gada provizoriskajiem datiem Vjetnamā dzīvo 94,57 miljoni iedzīvotāju. Tā ir 14. visapdzīvotākā valsts pasaulē un 9. apdzīvotākā valsts Āzijā. Vjetnama savu neatkarību ieguva 1945. gada 2. septembrī. Citas valstis to atzina tikai 1954. gadā.

Kopš 1976. gada, kad atkal apvienojās Vjetnamas ziemeļu un dienvidu daļa, valsts galvaspilsēta ir Hanoja. Lielākā Vjetnamas pilsēta ir Hošimina, Hanoja ir otrā lielākā. Hanoja ir valsts saimniecības un kultūras centrs. Vjetnama ir viena no četrām atlikušajām pasaules valstīm, kuras oficiālā valsts iekārta ir komunisms un valsti pārvalda viena partija. Vjetnama ir Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas, Frankofonijas, Dienvidaustrumāzijas valstu asociācijas un citu organizāciju pilntiesīga dalībvalsts. Kopš 2000. gada Vjetnamas saimniecība ir viena no straujāk augošajām saimniecībām pasaulē.

Vjetnamas prezidentam pamatā ir tikai ceremoniālas funkcijas. Faktiskais valsts vadītājs ir Vjetnamas Komunistiskās partijas ģenerālsekretārs Ngujens Fu Trongs.

Vjetnama ir garena valsts, tāpēc laikapstākļi ziemeļos un dienvidos var krasi atšķirties. Vjetnamas dienvidu daļai ir raksturīgs tropu klimats, bet ziemeļu daļai musonu klimats.