Český Krumlov (checo: ) es una pequeña ciudad ubicada en la región de Bohemia Meridional, en la República Checa. El centro histórico de Český Krumlov, incluyendo su castillo, integra el listado del Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la Unesco desde 1992.[1]​ La población de la ciudad en 2018 era de 13 028 habitantes[2]​ y su área de unos 22 km².

Es la antigua capital de la región de la rosa de cinco pétalos de los Rosenberg, la nobleza más rica e influyente del país. Después les sucede Julio de Austria, de la dinastía Habsburgo, los Eggenberg y por último los Schwarzenberg. La construcción de la ciudad y su castillo comenzaron en el siglo XIII,Leer más

Český Krumlov (checo: ) es una pequeña ciudad ubicada en la región de Bohemia Meridional, en la República Checa. El centro histórico de Český Krumlov, incluyendo su castillo, integra el listado del Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la Unesco desde 1992.[1]​ La población de la ciudad en 2018 era de 13 028 habitantes[2]​ y su área de unos 22 km².

Es la antigua capital de la región de la rosa de cinco pétalos de los Rosenberg, la nobleza más rica e influyente del país. Después les sucede Julio de Austria, de la dinastía Habsburgo, los Eggenberg y por último los Schwarzenberg. La construcción de la ciudad y su castillo comenzaron en el siglo XIII,[3]​ a ambas orillas del río Moldava, entre algunos de sus numerosos meandros flanqueados por abundante vegetación.

El asteroide (2747) Český Krumlov está nombrado en honor a esta ciudad.

History
 
Český Krumlov Castle and the former Church of Saint Judoc

Thanks to the convenient location by the river, the area is permanently inhabited. The area's oldest settlement goes back to the Older Stone Age (70,000–50,000 BC), the mass settlement is proven in the Bronze Age (1,500 BC). Celtic settlements were here in the Younger Iron Age (c. 400 BC), and the first Slavic settlement from the 6th century AD. In the Early Middle Ages, trade routes led through this territory along the Vltava.[1]

The Český Krumlov Castle was founded shortly before 1250 by a local branch of the noble Vítkovci family, descendants of Witiko of Prčice.[2] The first written mention of Český Krumlov was in a 1253 deed as Chrumbenowe. The town was established in two stages. The first part called Latrán was built spontaneously below the castle, settled mostly by people who had some administrative connection with the castle. The second part was subsequently founded as a brand new settlement and called Old Town. Since the foundation of the town, both Czech and German nationalities were represented.[1] A Jewish community is documented since 1334.[3]

In 1302 the Vítkovci line became extinct and King Wenceslaus II, who acquired the estate and castle by escheat, ceded it to the Rosenberg family, who later made it the main residence of their family. Peter I of Rosenberg, the Lord Chamberlain of King John of Bohemia, had the present upper castle erected in the early 14th century. Under his rule the Rosenberg estates flourished. Český Krumlov achieved the highest prosperity in the 15th century during the rule of Oldřich II of Rosenberg, when the estate territory was considerably enlarged.[1]

The Rosenbergs strongly promoted trade and crafts within the town walls. In the late 15th century, when gold was found next to the town, German miners came to settle, which shifted the ethnic balance even more. In one of the churches, the sermons were preached in Czech until the 1780s, when Church of Saint Judoc was closed.[4] In 1555, William of Rosenberg joined the town parts of Latrán and Old Town, which had been up to then separate, and unificated the town. In the late 16th century, he had the castle rebuilt in the Renaissance style.[2]

In 1602, William's brother Peter Vok of Rosenberg sold Krumlov to Emperor Rudolf II, who gave it to his illegitimate son Julius d'Austria. After the Bohemian Revolt and the 1620 Battle of White Mountain, Emperor Ferdinand II gave Krumlov to the noble House of Eggenberg and the town became seat of the Duchy of Krumlov. From 1719 to 1947, the castle belonged to the House of Schwarzenberg.[1][2]

In the 19th century, the industrialization and development of transport occurred, and most of the town fortifications was demolished.[5]

There were 8,662 inhabitants in Krumlov in 1910, of which 7,367 (85%) were Germans and 1,295 (15%) were Czechs.[6] After World War I, Český Krumlov was a part of the Bohemian Forest Region in a newly-created Czechoslovakia, but German-Austrian deputies declared the region be part of German-Austria. In 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye recognized the area as part of Czechoslovakia. In 1938, it was annexed by Nazi Germany, as part of the Reichsgau Oberdonau unit of Sudetenland, under the Munich Agreement. After World War II, the town's longtime German population was expelled and the town was returned to Czechoslovakia.[1]

During the Communist era of Czechoslovakia, the historic Český Krumlov fell into disrepair. However, since the Velvet Revolution of 1989 much of the town's sights has been restored, and it is now a popular tourist destination.

In August 2002, Český Krumlov was damaged by 2002 European floods.

^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference history was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ a b c "History of Český Krumlov Castle". Český Krumlov Castle. Retrieved 6 September 2021. ^ "Synagoga" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 6 September 2021. ^ "Ecclesiastical History of Český Krumlov". Město Český Krumlov. Retrieved 6 September 2021. ^ "Budějovice Gate and the remains of the city fortifications". Město Český Krumlov. Retrieved 6 September 2021. ^ Gerald D. Feldman et al., Österreichische Banken und Sparkassen im Nationalsozialismus und in der Nachkriegszeit (Munich 2006) p. 897.
Fotografías por:
Herbert Frank from Wien (Vienna), AT - CC BY 2.0
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