วัดพระศรีสรรเพชญ์

( Wat Phra Si Sanphet )

Wat Phra Si Sanphet (Thai: วัดพระศรีสรรเพชญ์; "Temple of the Holy, Splendid Omniscient") was the holiest temple on the site of the old Royal Palace in Thailand's ancient capital of Ayutthaya until the city was completely destroyed by the Burmese in 1767, during the Burmese–Siamese War. It was the grandest and most beautiful temple in the capital and it served as a model for Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok.

In 1350 U-thong, also known as King Ramathibodi I, ordered the construction of a royal palace in the same area that Wat Pra Si Sanphet stands today.[1] The palace was completed in 1351 and King Ramathibodi established Ayutthaya as the capital of his Kingdom. The palace contained three wooden buildings named "Phaithun Maha Prasat", "Phaichayon Maha Prasat", and "Aisawan Maha Prasat". Upon finalization of the palace in 1351, he established Ayutthaya as his capital and was bestowed the title of King Ramathibodi I. In 1448 King Borommatrailokkanat built a new palace to the north and converted the old palace grounds to be a holy site. His son, King Ramathibodi II added two Stupa, which in Thailand are known as Chedis, built in 1492 where the ashes of his father, King Borommatrailokkanat, and his brother, King Borommaracha III were buried.[2]

In 1499 a viharn, or hall of worship, called “Vihara Luang” (Royal Chapel) was built on the palace grounds.[1] King Ramathibodi II gave orders for a gigantic image of Buddha to be cast, and installed in Wat Si Sanphet.[1] This image of Buddha was 16 meters high, covered in gold,[1] and the pedestal was 8 meters in length.[3] The core of the statue was made of bronze and weighed approximately 64 tons.[3] The surface was covered with approximately 343 kilograms of gold.[3] The statue took more than three years to complete.[3] This statue, called “Phra Si Sanphetdayan”, was the main object of veneration within the royal chapel.

Another Chedi was built under King Borommaracha IV in 1529 to enshrined his father's ashes, King Ramathibodi II.[3] Later, more constructions were added by King Narai. It's not sure if the Mondops between each Chedis were added during that time. In 1630, King Narai added a cross-shaped vihara just west of the platform supporting the three chedis, this vihara is known now as Prasat Phra Narai.[3] The architecture is inspired by a mix of European style for the shape while the pointed arches windows are influenced by Indo-persan architecture.[4]

 
A multipoint panorama of three chedis of Wat Phra Si Sanphet, from left to right: (1) Chedi of King Ramathibodi II (2) Chedi of King Borommarachathirat III and (3) Chedi of King Borommatrailokkanat

In 1742, under King Borommakot, the temple was again renovated. Unfortunately, the city of Ayutthaya, including the temple compounds, were completely destroyed in the Burmese invasion in 1767, with the exception of the three Chedis that can be seen today.

In 1767, the Burmese conquered the capital of Ayutthaya and began the extensive destruction and looting of numerous temples and other buildings, including the Wat Phra Si Sanphet. They set the building on fire and melted the gold. Two Chedis were destroyed in the process, while the eastern Chedi was still standing.[3] All were restored by the Fine Arts Department in 1956.

^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Bangkok was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ Cite error: The named reference Oriental Architechture was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ a b c d e f g "WAT PHRA SRI SANPHET". History of Ayutthaya. Retrieved 19 June 2015. ^ "Indo-Persian Influence on Late Ayutthaya". Thai Jo. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
Photographies by:
Nayika C. - CC BY-SA 3.0
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