Trapezitsa (fortress)

Trapezitsa (Bulgarian: Трапезица) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria.

The first fortified settlement, built on the hill, dates from the late Chalcolithic (4200-4000 BC).

During the Bronze Age (XIII-XII centuries BC) and the Early Iron Age (IX-VII centuries BC) there was a Thracian settlement on the hill.

The first traces of the medieval defense system on Trapezitsa date back to the 60-80s of the XII century. Main fortifications were built in the XIII and XIV centuries, during the Second Bulgarian Empire. Then Tarnovo became the capital of Bulgaria, and Trapezitsa was the second most important citadel of the city, after Tsarevets.

In 1195 Tsar Ivan Asen I transferred the relics of St. Ivan Rilski to a church built on Trapezitsa Hill. A monastery was built around it, bearing the name of the saint. Tsar Kaloyan transferred the relics of St. Gabriel of Lesnovo to the church “St. Apostles ”on Trapezitsa.

The fortress is called "The Glorious City of Trapezitsa" in medieval Bulgarian and Byzantine biographies of St. John of Rila, including those written by St. Patriarch Euthymius, in "Applied Biography of Gabriel Lesnowski" and a number of postscripts on Revival books.

On the hill of Trapezitsa were located the homes of noble Bulgarians - boyars, and numerous churches.

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