Morella

( Morella, Castellón )

Description

Morella (Valencian: [moˈɾeʎa]) is an ancient walled city located on a hill-top in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is the capital and administrative centre of the comarca of Els Ports, in the historic Maestrat (Maestrazgo) region.

There are traces of settlement by the Iberians, succeeded by the Greeks and Romans, Visigoths and the Moors. From the early 17th century to the Spanish Civil War, the town was often fought over, due to its strategic situation between the Ebro and the coastal plain of Valencia. Morella is part of the Taula del Sénia free association of municipalities.

Every six years the citizens celebrate the Sexenni, a commemoration of the town's recovery from the plague in the seventeenth century. Tourism now plays an important part in the local economy, along with agriculture. In the 20th century the town and surrounding area became depopulated, a trend that has only been reversed in the early 21st century. The population of Morella at the start of 2019 was 2,430, having declined from a figure of 7,335 in 1900 (INE).

One of the typical gastronomic products of Morella is sweets known as flaons. Local bakeries are also renowned for a number of other traditional pastries and sweets, like mantecadas, prepared in the ancient way.

History

This cave painting in Galeria del Roure [Wikidata], in Morella la Vella, is the oldest depiction of archery combat.

Prehistoric remains in the area include cave paintings in Galeria del Roure [ca], in Morella la Vella, famous for the oldest known depiction of archery combat. These paintings date from 7,200 to 7,400 years ago.[1]

The ancient Greeks established a treasury at Morella, but then the area became the scene of conflict between the Carthaginians and the Roman Empire during the Punic Wars. Eventually the town was Romanized and became part of the province of Tarragona.[2] The Visigoths populated the city in two different epochs, there are ruins of a Visigoth village in the site of Mas Sabater-Cantera de la Parreta de Morella. There are the remains of a building from the 7th century A.D., which according to the archaeologists could have been twelve meters high and maybe it was a noble building or maybe of religious use according to Ramiro Pérez, one of the directors of the excavation.[3]

The Moors took the town in 714, naming it Maurela.

Municipal charter of Morella (1233).

El Cid is reputed to have rebuilt the castle which dominates the town and in 1084 he is supposed to have fought in the service of Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud and defeated Sancho Ramírez of Aragon at the Battle of Morella. In 1117, Sancho captured Morella, but it was recaptured by the Moors and only finally subdued by Blasco de Alagon in 1232. Following Blasco's death in 1239, James I of Aragon established a royal garrison in the city and awarded the inhabitants the title of "Faithful".[2]

Morella sided with Philip V during the War of the Spanish Succession in the early eighteenth century and became the centre of a military and political district. During the Napoleonic Wars, the citizens rose up against the invading forces and the town was finally captured for Spain in 1813 by Francisco Javier de Elío. In the Carlist Wars of the nineteenth century Morella became the headquarters of the forces of Ramon Cabrera.[2]

The town was captured by forces of General Franco in April 1938, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War. Republican guerillas held out in the surrounding mountains until 1956.[4][5]

In the 1960s and 70s many people left the town for work opportunities in the cities and many of the local small industries died, but a slow revitalization has taken place since the transition of Spain to democracy.[6]

^ Keith F. Otterbein, How War Began (2004), p. 72. ^ a b c "Guía Virtual de la Comunidad Valenciana: Morella" (Spanish). Federacion Valenciana de Municipios y Provincias. Retrieved 2009-11-17. ^ "Descubren en Morella un poblado visigodo del siglo VII". Levante-EMV. agencia EFE. 2017-08-24. ^ Segarra Capsir, Francisco (2009). Los 'maquis' en el Maestrazgo (in Spanish). Castellón: Editorial Antinea. ISBN 978-84-96331-63-1.[page needed] ^ "Las guerrillas de Teruel, Cuenca y Levante". camiloberneri.org (in Spanish). 13 May 2008. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2010. ^ "Coneix la història de Morella: prehistòria, medieval, moderna i contemporània". La ciutat de Morella. Archived from the original (Catalan) on 2010-05-14. Retrieved 2009-11-17.

More information

Photographies by:

Kriegerkalle - Public domain

Zones