黄山

( Huangshan )

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Description

Huangshan (Chinese: 黄山), literally meaning the Yellow Mountain(s), is a mountain range in southern Anhui Province in eastern China. It was originally called “Yishan”, and it was renamed because of a legend that Emperor Xuanyuan once made alchemy here. Vegetation on the range is thickest below 1,100 meters (3,600 ft), with trees growing up to the treeline at 1,800 meters (5,900 ft).

The area is well known for its scenery, sunsets, peculiarly-shaped granite peaks, Huangshan pine trees, hot springs, winter snow and views of the clouds from above. Huangshan is a frequent subject of traditional Chinese paintings and literature, as well as modern photography. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of China's major tourist destinations.

History

Huangshan, 蓮花峰

Huangshan, 天都峰

Huangshan was formed approximately 100 million years ago and gained its unique rock formations in the Quaternary Glaciation.[1]

During the Qin dynasty, Huangshan was known as Yishan (Mount Yi). In 747 AD, its name was changed to Huangshan (Mount Huang) by imperial decree;[2] the name is commonly thought to have been coined in honor of Huang Di (the Yellow Emperor), a legendary Chinese emperor and the mythological ancestor of the Han Chinese.[3] One legend states that Huangshan was the location from which the Yellow Emperor ascended to Heaven.[4] Another legend states that the Yellow Emperor "cultivated moral character and refined Pills of Immortality in the mountains, and in so doing gave the mountains his name.[1] The first use of this name "Huangshan" often is attributed to Chinese poet Li Bai.[3] Huangshan was fairly inaccessible and little-known in ancient times, but its change of name in 747 AD seems to have brought the area more attention; from then on, the area was visited frequently and many temples were built there.[2]

Huangshan is known for its stone steps,[4] carved into the side of the mountain, of which there may be more than 60,000 throughout the area.[5][6][7] The date at which work on the steps began is unknown, but they have been said to be more than 1,500 years old.[6]

Over the years, many scenic spots and physical features on the mountain have been named;[8] many of the names have narratives behind them. For example, one legend tells of a man who did not believe the tales of Huangshan's beauty and went to the mountains to see them; almost immediately, he was converted to the same view. One of the peaks he is said to have visited was named Shixin (始信), roughly meaning "start to believe."[8]

In 1982, Huangshan was declared a "site of scenic beauty and historic interest" by the State Council of China.[2] It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990 for its scenery and for its role as a habitat for rare and threatened species.[9] Subsequently, certified as a National Geopark, and then as a regional geopark (Asia Pacific Geopark Network), it was admitted as a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2004.

In 2002, Huangshan was named the "sister mountain" of Jungfrau in the Swiss Alps.[4]

^ a b Huangshan Mountains, p. 12. ^ a b c "Mount Huangshan Scenic Beauty and Historic Interest Site". [Protected Areas and World Heritage]. United Nations Environment Programme. October 1990. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-10-08. ^ a b "Huang Shan". [ChinaTravel.net]. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2008-10-08. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference cao was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ Butterfield, Fox (1981-02-08). "China's Majestic Huang Shan". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-08. ^ a b "The Mystic World of Shanshui: Huangshan". UNESCO Culture Center. UNESCO. Archived from the original (.wmv) on 2008-08-16. Retrieved 2008-10-08. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help) ^ McGraw, David (2003). "Magic Precincts" (PDF). University of Hawaii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2008. p. 52. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference guo was invoked but never defined (see the help page). ^ "Mount Huangshan". China.org.cn. 1990. Retrieved 2008-10-08.

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