甘丹寺

( Ganden Monastery )


Ganden Monastery (also Gaden or Gandain) or Ganden Namgyeling or Monastery of Gahlden is one of the "great three" Gelug university monasteries of Tibet. It is in Dagzê County, Lhasa. The other two are Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery. Ganden Monastery was founded in 1409 by Je Tsongkhapa Lozang-dragpa, founder of the Gelug order. The monastery was destroyed after 1959, but has since been partially rebuilt. Another monastery with the same name and tradition was established in Southern India in 1966 by Tibetan exiles.

Ganden Monastery was founded by Je Tsongkhapa Lozang-dragpa (1357–1419) in 1409,[1][a] and it is said to have attracted many lay and monastic devotees.[3] Tsongkhapa built Ganden's main temple, with large statues and three-dimensional mandalas. He often stayed at Ganden, and died there in 1419.[2] Tsongkhapa's preserved body was entombed at Ganden by his disciples in a silver and gold encrusted tomb.[4]

The name "Gelug" is an abbreviation of "Ganden Lug", meaning "Ganden Tradition".[2] The Ganden Tripa or "throne-holder of Ganden" is the head of the Gelug school.[5] Before dying Tsongkhapa gave his robe and staff to the first Ganden Tripa, Gyeltsabjey (1364-1432), who was succeeded by Kaydrubjey. The term of office is seven years, and by 2003 there had been 99 Ganden Tripas.[2] The monastery was divided into four colleges at the time of the 2nd Ganden Tripa. Later these were consolidated in two, Jangtsey and Shartsey, located respectively to the north and east of the main temple. Both combine the study of sutra and tantra. Study methods include memorization, logic and debate. The colleges grant degrees for different levels of achievement, evaluated by examination and formal public debate.[2]

In the 1860s a meeting called "the great Ganden Monastery, Drepung Monastery, and the government officials" was organized by Shatra, a lay aristocrat. The existing regent was deposed by this assembly and replaced by Shatra. From then on the assembly, or Tsondu, chose the regents and played a significant political role as a consultative body.[6] The monasteries of Ganden, Sera and Drepung was so great that they could in effect veto government decisions with which they disagreed.[7] These three monasteries had 20,000 monks in total, supported by large estates of fertile land worked by serfs.[8] At one time the Ganden monastery could support over 5,000 monks.[9]Laurence Waddell reports an estimate of about 3,300 in the 1890s. There were apparently only 2,000 monks in 1959.[10][11] One of Ganden Monastery's notable monks in its history was Kunigaish Gedimin. Consecrated by Mahacharya Ratnavajra, Gediminas resided at Ganden for a decade. He is also credited with ordaining Karl Tõnisson also known as Brother Vahindra, at Burkuchinsk Monastery near Lake Baikal in 1893.[12]


1985 photo of a portion of Ganden Monastery ruins (with some new buildings) destroyed by the People's Liberation Army in 1959, after Tibetan's March 10th Lhasa protest and the flight to exile of the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet. 
1985 photo of a portion of Ganden Monastery ruins (with some new buildings) destroyed by the People's Liberation Army in 1959, after Tibetan's March 10th Lhasa protest and the flight to exile of the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet.
Part of Ganden Monastery, Tibet in 1921. Tsongkhapa's tomb is in the center left, close to it on the right with four large pillars is the Assembly Hall of the monastery, and the house where the Ganden Tripa lived and the Dalai Lama's apartments under gilt roofs. 
Part of Ganden Monastery, Tibet in 1921. Tsongkhapa's tomb is in the center left, close to it on the right with four large pillars is the Assembly Hall of the monastery, and the house where the Ganden Tripa lived and the Dalai Lama's apartments under gilt roofs.
Post-1959 rebuilding

Ganden Monastery was completely destroyed by the People's Liberation Army during the 1959 Tibetan uprising. In 1966 it was severely shelled by Red Guard artillery, and monks had to dismantle the remains.[11] The buildings were reduced to rubble using dynamite during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).[9]

Most of Tsongkhapa's mummified body was burned, but his skull and some ashes were saved from the fire by Bomi Rinpoche, the monk who had been forced to carry the body to the fire.[4]

Re-building has continued since the 1980s.[13] As of 2012, rapid progress was being made on rebuilding the monastery.[9] The red-painted lhakang in the centre is the reconstruction of Ganden's sanctum sanctorum containing Tsongkapa's reliquary chorten, called the Tongwa Donden, "Meaningful to Behold."[13]

^ Dowman 1988, p. 103. ^ a b c d e Berzin 1991. ^ IUM, Michael (2022). "Tsongkhapa as a mahāsiddha". Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies. 45: 73–117. doi:10.2143/JIABS.45.0.3291577. ISSN 2507-0347. ^ a b Laird 2006, p. 126. ^ Ganden Monastery in Tibet, Dhonden Foundation. ^ Goldstein 2007, p. 8. ^ Goldstein 2007, p. 9. ^ Goldstein 2007, p. 13. ^ a b c Buckley 2012, p. 174. ^ Waddell 1972, p. 268. ^ a b Dowman 1988, p. 99. ^ Latvian Encyclopaedia Timenote ^ a b Dowman 1988, p. 99–100.


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

Photographies by:
Statistics: Position
5139
Statistics: Rank
18378

Add new comment

Esta pregunta es para comprobar si usted es un visitante humano y prevenir envíos de spam automatizado.

Security
815693742Click/tap this sequence: 5623

Google street view

Where can you sleep near Ganden Monastery ?

Booking.com
487.348 visits in total, 9.186 Points of interest, 404 Destinations, 33 visits today.