الهرم الأكبر

( Piràmide de Kheops )
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La piràmide de Kheops, també coneguda com la Gran Piràmide, o la piràmide de Khufu, és la més gran de les tres Piràmides de Gizeh. Khufu és el nom egipci d'aquest faraó. Χεωψ (Kheops) n'és el nom grec. És la més antiga de les Set Meravelles del Món Antic, i l'única que roman en gran part intacta. Els egiptòlegs creuen que la piràmide va ser construïda com a tomba per al faraó Kheops, de la quarta dinastia egípcia. Heròdot va dir que van trigar 20 anys a erigir-la, malgrat que ell va néixer 2000 anys després, i que es va acabar al voltant del 2560 aC. Va ser la construcció més alta del món durant més de 3.800 anys.

Originalment, la gran piràmide estava coberta per lloses de pedra calcària que formaven una superfície exterior completament llisa; el que es veu avui dia és l'estructura del nucli subjacent. Algunes de les pedres de la coberta que un cop van revestir l'estructura encara es poden veure al voltant de la base. Hi ha hagut diferents teories científ...Llegeix més

La piràmide de Kheops, també coneguda com la Gran Piràmide, o la piràmide de Khufu, és la més gran de les tres Piràmides de Gizeh. Khufu és el nom egipci d'aquest faraó. Χεωψ (Kheops) n'és el nom grec. És la més antiga de les Set Meravelles del Món Antic, i l'única que roman en gran part intacta. Els egiptòlegs creuen que la piràmide va ser construïda com a tomba per al faraó Kheops, de la quarta dinastia egípcia. Heròdot va dir que van trigar 20 anys a erigir-la, malgrat que ell va néixer 2000 anys després, i que es va acabar al voltant del 2560 aC. Va ser la construcció més alta del món durant més de 3.800 anys.

Originalment, la gran piràmide estava coberta per lloses de pedra calcària que formaven una superfície exterior completament llisa; el que es veu avui dia és l'estructura del nucli subjacent. Algunes de les pedres de la coberta que un cop van revestir l'estructura encara es poden veure al voltant de la base. Hi ha hagut diferents teories científiques i alternatives sobre les tècniques de construcció de la Gran Piràmide. La hipòtesi més acceptada de construcció es basa en la idea que va ser construïda movent pedres enormes des d'una pedrera i arrossegant-les i aixecant-les al seu lloc.

Hi ha tres cambres conegudes dins de la Gran Piràmide. La cambra situada més avall està tallada a la base de roca sobre la qual va ser construïda la piràmide i no fou acabada. L'anomenada Cambra de la Reina i la Cambra del Rei estan situades més amunt en el si de l'estructura piramidal. La Gran Piràmide de Gizeh és l'única piràmide d'Egipte que se sàpiga que conté tant passadissos ascendents com descendents. La part principal del complex funerari de Kheops està formada per un conjunt d'edificis que incloïen dos temples funeraris en honor de Khufu (un prop de la piràmide i un a prop del Nil), tres piràmides més petites per a les esposes de Khufu, i una piràmide "satèl·lit" encara més petita, una calçada elevada que connecta els dos temples, i petites tombes en forma de mastabes que envolten la piràmide que pertanyien a la noblesa.

La seva alçària original era de 146,58 m però ara només en té 139. Ha perdut el seu recobriment calcari fet amb pedra originària de Tura; aquesta pedra calcària era de color blanc i això permetia veure la piràmide des de molts kilòmetres de distància. És possible que la punta ("piramidó") fos feta d'una barreja d'or i plata. La base amidava 230,40 m de costat (avui ha perdut uns tres metres) i era quadrada.

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